{"id":15210,"date":"2026-09-12T02:23:42","date_gmt":"2026-09-12T00:23:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/collectif-accad.fr\/site\/?p=15210"},"modified":"2026-09-07T14:24:53","modified_gmt":"2026-09-07T12:24:53","slug":"datacenter-microsoft-dans-le-haut-rhin","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/collectif-accad.fr\/site\/datacenter-microsoft-dans-le-haut-rhin\/","title":{"rendered":"Datacenter Microsoft dans le Haut-Rhin"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Le projet re\u00e7oit trois avis favorables malgr\u00e9 les controverses locales<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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Dans le Haut-Rhin, le projet de datacenter Microsoft re\u00e7oit trois avis favorables malgr\u00e9 535 contributions d\u00e9favorables, notamment sur l\u2019\u00e9nergie, l\u2019eau et les terres agricoles. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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Le <\/span><\/span><\/span>projet de datacenter<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> port\u00e9 par <\/span><\/span><\/span>Microsoft<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> \u00e0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>Petit-Landau<\/a> et <\/span><\/span><\/span>Hombourg<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> a re\u00e7u des <\/span><\/span><\/span>avis favorables du commissaire enqu\u00eateur<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>, selon le rapport et les conclusions publi\u00e9s sur le site de la <\/span><\/span><\/span>pr\u00e9fecture du<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> Haut-Rhin<\/a>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Cette position concerne <\/span><\/span><\/span>l\u2019autorisation environnementale<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>, la <\/span><\/span><\/span>modification du plan local<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> d\u2019urbanisme de Petit-Landau et les <\/span><\/span><\/span>deux permis de construire<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>. Une conclusion qui fait tache avec les <\/span><\/span><\/span>535 contributions d\u00e9favorables<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> qui repr\u00e9sentaient <\/span><\/span><\/span>80\u2009% de la consultation.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Trois b\u00e2timents consacr\u00e9s au cloud et \u00e0 l\u2019intelligence artificielle<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Microsoft envisage d\u2019implanter son <\/span><\/span><\/span>centre de traitement et de stockage<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> de donn\u00e9es<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> sur pr\u00e8s de <\/span><\/span><\/span>36 hectares<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>, principalement \u00e0 Petit-Landau. Moins de 8\u2009% de son emprise se trouverait sur le <\/span><\/span><\/span>ban communal de Hombourg<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>. Le site est situ\u00e9 le <\/span><\/span><\/span>long de la RD52<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de la zone industrielle, du Grand Canal d\u2019Alsace et de la fronti\u00e8re allemande.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

D\u2019apr\u00e8s le rapport d\u2019enqu\u00eate, cette infrastructure serait <\/span><\/span><\/span>destin\u00e9e au stockage<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>, au <\/span><\/span><\/span>traitement<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> et \u00e0 la <\/span><\/span><\/span>distribution de donn\u00e9es<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> utilis\u00e9es par les particuliers, les entreprises et les administrations.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Microsoft entend notamment y d\u00e9velopper ses <\/span><\/span><\/span>activit\u00e9s li\u00e9es au cloud et \u00e0 l\u2019intelligence artificielle<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>. Le projet doit ainsi \u00ab\u2009r\u00e9pondre aux <\/span><\/span><\/span>besoins croissants en infrastructures num\u00e9riques<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u2009\u00bb, indique sa pr\u00e9sentation sur le Registre num\u00e9rique.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Des am\u00e9nagements particuliers<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Le programme comprend <\/span><\/span><\/span>trois unit\u00e9s ind\u00e9pendantes<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>, chacune compos\u00e9e d\u2019un b\u00e2timent administratif et d\u2019un b\u00e2timent technique. Les <\/span><\/span><\/span>trois constructions principales<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>, hautes de <\/span><\/span><\/span>20\u00a0m\u00e8tres<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>, occuperaient environ <\/span><\/span><\/span>38\u2009000 m\u00b2 au sol<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>. Des plateformes accueilleraient les <\/span><\/span><\/span>installations de refroidissement<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>, les <\/span><\/span><\/span>groupes \u00e9lectrog\u00e8nes<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> et les <\/span><\/span><\/span>r\u00e9servoirs d\u2019eau<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

S\u2019y ajouteraient un <\/span><\/span><\/span>poste \u00e9lectrique<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>, un <\/span><\/span><\/span>point de contr\u00f4le<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>, des <\/span><\/span><\/span>voies internes<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> et des <\/span><\/span><\/span>stationnements.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Quelque <\/span><\/span><\/span>40\u2009% du site<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> seraient r\u00e9serv\u00e9s \u00e0 des <\/span><\/span><\/span>espaces naturels<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> et \u00e0 des <\/span><\/span><\/span>bassins paysagers d\u2019infiltration<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>, selon le Registre num\u00e9rique. Le dossier pr\u00e9voit \u00e9galement <\/span><\/span><\/span>17\u2009000 m\u00b2<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> de <\/span><\/span><\/span>panneaux photovolta\u00efques<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> sur les toitures et les <\/span><\/span><\/span>ombri\u00e8res<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> des parkings.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Un raccordement \u00e9lectrique \u00e0 tr\u00e8s haute tension<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

L\u2019alimentation du datacenter n\u00e9cessiterait la <\/span><\/span><\/span>cr\u00e9ation de deux lignes souterraines de 225\u2009000 volts<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>. Elles relieraient le site au futur poste \u00e9lectrique \u00ab\u2009Sud Alsace\u2009\u00bb, que RTE doit construire pour r\u00e9pondre plus largement aux besoins du territoire.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Selon son emplacement et le trac\u00e9 retenu, les <\/span><\/span><\/span>communes de<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> Bantzenheim<\/a>, <\/span><\/span><\/span>Chalamp\u00e9<\/a>, <\/span><\/span><\/span>Hombourg<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> et <\/span><\/span><\/span>Ottmarsheim<\/a> pourraient \u00eatre <\/span><\/span><\/span>concern\u00e9es par ces \u00e9quipements<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

La <\/span><\/span><\/span>consommation du centre<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> de donn\u00e9es est estim\u00e9e, dans l\u2019hypoth\u00e8se haute pr\u00e9sent\u00e9e au cours de l\u2019enqu\u00eate, \u00e0 environ <\/span><\/span><\/span>1\u2009500 GWh par an<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>, soit 1,5 TWh. Le projet <\/span><\/span><\/span>consommerait par ailleurs pr\u00e8s de 5\u2009000 m\u00b3 d\u2019eau<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> chaque ann\u00e9e en phase d\u2019exploitation.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Le commissaire enqu\u00eateur a retenu les explications des porteurs du projet, notamment <\/span><\/span><\/span>l\u2019absence de forage<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> ou de <\/span><\/span><\/span>pompage dans la nappe phr\u00e9atique<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Sa r\u00e9alisation suppose aussi de <\/span><\/span><\/span>modifier le PLU<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> de Petit-Landau. Les terrains sont actuellement <\/span><\/span><\/span>class\u00e9s en zone AU<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>, destin\u00e9e \u00e0 \u00eatre urbanis\u00e9e, mais celle-ci n\u2019a <\/span><\/span><\/span>pas \u00e9t\u00e9 ouverte \u00e0 l\u2019urbanisation<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> dans les neuf ann\u00e9es suivant sa cr\u00e9ation.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Mulhouse Alsace Agglom\u00e9ration a donc <\/span><\/span><\/span>engag\u00e9 une proc\u00e9dure<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> visant \u00e0 cr\u00e9er <\/span><\/span><\/span>une zone UE<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> r\u00e9serv\u00e9e aux <\/span><\/span><\/span>activit\u00e9s \u00e9conomiques<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> et \u00e0 adapter le r\u00e8glement au datacenter.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Plus de 80\u2009% de contributions d\u00e9favorables<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

L\u2019enqu\u00eate publique<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> s\u2019est tenue<\/span><\/span><\/span> pendant 33\u00a0jours<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>, du 1<\/span><\/span><\/span>er<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/sup>\u00a0juin au 3\u00a0juillet 2026. Cinq permanences ont \u00e9t\u00e9 organis\u00e9es \u00e0 Petit-Landau et Hombourg, au cours desquelles <\/span><\/span><\/span>32\u00a0personnes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 re\u00e7ues<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>. Le registre en ligne a totalis\u00e9 13\u2009155 visites, 5\u2009745 t\u00e9l\u00e9chargements et 2\u2009545 consultations de documents.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Sur les <\/span><\/span><\/span>665 contributions fran\u00e7aises<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> comptabilis\u00e9es, 643 ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9pos\u00e9es directement sur la plateforme num\u00e9rique. Onze observations ont d\u2019abord \u00e9t\u00e9 inscrites sur les registres papier, six ont \u00e9t\u00e9 adress\u00e9es par courrier et cinq par courriel. Seize contributions \u00e9manant d\u2019autorit\u00e9s ou d\u2019organismes allemands ont \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 examin\u00e9es.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Le bilan fait appara\u00eetre <\/span><\/span><\/span>535 avis d\u00e9favorables<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>, contre <\/span><\/span><\/span>29 favorables<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> et <\/span><\/span><\/span>quatre favorables avec r\u00e9serves<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>. Treize contributions ont \u00e9t\u00e9 consid\u00e9r\u00e9es comme neutres, 45 comme r\u00e9serv\u00e9es et 39 n\u2019ont pas \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9es, notamment en raison de doublons, de pi\u00e8ces manquantes ou de messages sans rapport avec l\u2019enqu\u00eate.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Une p\u00e9tition intitul\u00e9e \u00ab\u2009<\/span><\/span><\/span>Refuser l\u2019implantation d\u2019un data center \u00e0 Petit-Landau<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u2009\u00bb avait par ailleurs r\u00e9uni <\/span><\/span><\/span>2\u2009041 signatures<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> au 3\u00a0juillet.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00c9lectricit\u00e9, terres agricoles et chaleur au c\u0153ur des critiques<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

La <\/span><\/span><\/span>consommation \u00e9lectrique<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> et ses possibles <\/span><\/span><\/span>effets sur la stabilit\u00e9 du r\u00e9seau<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> constituent le sujet le plus fr\u00e9quemment cit\u00e9, avec 287 contributions. La <\/span><\/span><\/span>disparition des terres agricoles<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> appara\u00eet dans 286 observations, devant la <\/span><\/span><\/span>consommation d\u2019eau et les rejets<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>, \u00e9voqu\u00e9s 221\u00a0fois.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

La <\/span><\/span><\/span>production de chaleur<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> et l\u2019absence de solution arr\u00eat\u00e9e pour sa r\u00e9utilisation reviennent dans 182 contributions.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Les opposants ont \u00e9galement <\/span><\/span><\/span>soulev\u00e9 les risques de pollution<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>, les <\/span><\/span><\/span>nuisances sonores<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>, les cons\u00e9quences sur la <\/span><\/span><\/span>biodiversit\u00e9,<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> l\u2019artificialisation des sols et la <\/span><\/span><\/span>faible quantit\u00e9 d\u2019emplois<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> attendue au regard de la superficie mobilis\u00e9e. Le refus de <\/span><\/span><\/span>confier une infrastructure num\u00e9rique<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> \u00e0 une <\/span><\/span><\/span>entreprise am\u00e9ricaine<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> appara\u00eet dans 79 contributions.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Le rapport reconna\u00eet que les <\/span><\/span><\/span>36 hectares<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> sont actuellement <\/span><\/span><\/span>exploit\u00e9s \u00e0 des fins agricoles<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>, m\u00eame si les documents d\u2019urbanisme leur attribuent depuis plusieurs ann\u00e9es une vocation \u00e9conomique.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

La commission de pr\u00e9servation des espaces naturels, agricoles et forestiers (CDPENAF) a d\u2019ailleurs <\/span><\/span><\/span>rendu un avis d\u00e9favorable<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> sur la modification du PLU, invoquant la n\u00e9cessaire <\/span><\/span><\/span>protection des espaces naturels, agricoles et forestiers<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>, ainsi que les incertitudes entourant certaines compensations.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Elle a, en revanche, <\/span><\/span><\/span>approuv\u00e9 l\u2019\u00e9tude de compensation<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> agricole collective<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Deux des <\/span><\/span><\/span>six communes de la bande rh\u00e9nane consult\u00e9es<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> ont \u00e9galement <\/span><\/span><\/span>vot\u00e9 contre<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> le projet, dont Hombourg, qui doit en accueillir une petite partie. Quatre autres conseils municipaux ont rendu un avis favorable.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Des avis favorables assortis d\u2019une r\u00e9serve<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Le <\/span><\/span><\/span>commissaire enqu\u00eateur<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> estime que les <\/span><\/span><\/span>retomb\u00e9es \u00e9conomiques<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>, la cr\u00e9ation attendue <\/span><\/span><\/span>de 197 \u00e0 301 emplois \u00e9quivalents temps plein. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u00ab\u2009Je consid\u00e8re que le bilan avantages\/inconv\u00e9nients est en faveur des avantages\u2009\u00bb, \u00e9crit-il dans ses conclusions concernant <\/span><\/span><\/span>l\u2019emplacement du terrain<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> et les <\/span><\/span><\/span>mesures environnementales<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Il <\/span><\/span><\/span>rend donc un avis favorable<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> \u00e0 l\u2019autorisation environnementale, assorti d\u2019une <\/span><\/span><\/span>r\u00e9serve sur le bruit<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>. Microsoft devra respecter son engagement selon lequel \u00ab\u2009<\/span><\/span><\/span>une \u00e9tude bruit<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> sera r\u00e9alis\u00e9e dans <\/span><\/span><\/span>un d\u00e9lai de trois mois<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> \u00e0 compter de la mise en service des nouvelles installations\u2009\u00bb.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Des <\/span><\/span><\/span>mesures correctrices<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> devront \u00eatre appliqu\u00e9es si les niveaux relev\u00e9s d\u00e9passent les prescriptions r\u00e9glementaires.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Le commissaire enqu\u00eateur recommande \u00e9galement de \u00ab\u2009mettre en \u0153uvre la <\/span><\/span><\/span>valorisation de la chaleur fatale<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> dans le cadre d\u2019un projet avec des acteurs de la zone proche du site du projet\u2009\u00bb. Il regrette que <\/span><\/span><\/span>l\u2019\u00e9tude compl\u00e9mentaire<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> annonc\u00e9e sur ce sujet n\u2019ait <\/span><\/span><\/span>pas \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9alis\u00e9e avant la finalisation du dossier<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Les nuisances des travaux anticip\u00e9es<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Des <\/span><\/span><\/span>avis favorables<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> sont aussi rendus pour la <\/span><\/span><\/span>mise en compatibilit\u00e9 du PLU<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> de Petit-Landau et les <\/span><\/span><\/span>permis de construire<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> d\u00e9pos\u00e9s dans les deux communes.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Deux recommandations accompagnent l\u2019\u00e9volution du document d\u2019urbanisme\u2009: m2A devrait <\/span><\/span><\/span>aider les communes confront\u00e9es \u00e0 d\u2019\u00e9ventuelles nuisances<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> et les <\/span><\/span><\/span>poids lourds du chantier<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> devraient emprunter des <\/span><\/span><\/span>itin\u00e9raires \u00e9vitant les villages<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Le commissaire enqu\u00eateur admet n\u00e9anmoins que le datacenter \u00ab\u2009a <\/span><\/span><\/span>g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9 beaucoup d\u2019avis n\u00e9gatifs<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> exprim\u00e9s et dont <\/span><\/span><\/span>il faut tenir compte<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u2009\u00bb. Il pose lui-m\u00eame la question de son <\/span><\/span><\/span>acceptation par la population<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>, tout en estimant que l\u2019implantation d\u2019un centre g\u00e9r\u00e9 par Microsoft constitue \u00ab\u2009plut\u00f4t <\/span><\/span><\/span>un gage de confiance<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> que de m\u00e9fiance\u2009\u00bb.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Une <\/span><\/span><\/span>appr\u00e9ciation<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> que les r\u00e9sultats de l\u2019enqu\u00eate publique <\/span><\/span><\/span>viennent nettement nuancer<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Actu.fr<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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